DESIGNING AN IP ADDRESSING SCHEME TO MEET DESIGN REQUIREMENTS

DESIGNING AN IP ADDRESSING SCHEME TO MEET DESIGN REQUIREMENTS

IP Address :
numeric id assigned to MACHINE on IP network. It always has a network id ( similar to country code, area code in phone numbers) & host id (phone numbers) to uniquely identify itself on the network

IP Terminology:

• Bit : 1,0
• Byte: 8 bits
• Octet: same as Byte, 8 bits

Network Address:
Network address is the designation used in routing to send packets to a remote network - for example 10.0.0.0, 172.16.0.0 and 192.168.10.0

Private IP Address:

• Not routable on the public internet
• Only used on LAN to hide itself from the public internet
• Examples are : 10.0.0.0 , 19.168.0.0 , 172.16.0.0 & 172.31.0.0

NAT(Network Address Translation):

• Used to translate private to public address so that hosts can go public internet
• 3 types of NAT : DYNAMIC NAT, STATIC NAT & NAT OVERLOAD OR PAT(PORT ADDRESS TRANSLATION)

CLASSES OF IP ADDRESSES:
CLASS A : X.Y.Z.W where X represents the network-id and Y, Z, W the host-id
X ranges from 1 to 126 with default mask of 255.0.0.0

The bit pattern for X is by default first bit turn off for X i.e. 0 for the first bit of X according to RFC

CLASS B : X.Y.Z.W where X & Y represents the network-id and Z, W the host-id
X ranges from 128 to 191 with default mask of 255.255.0.0

The bit pattern for X is by default turn on for first bit & turn off for second bit i.e. 1 0 for the first 2 bits of X according to RFC

CLASS C: X.Y.Z.W where X,Y& Z represents the network-id and W the host-id
X ranges from 192 to 223 with default mask of 255.255.255.0

The bit pattern for X is by default turn on for first 2 bits and turn off for the third bit i.e. 1 1 0 for the first 3 bits of X according to RFC


CLASS D & E reserved not used. CLASS D for multi-casting & CLASS E for scientific research